Rawlinson & Hunter is an international grouping of professional firms and a leading provider of financial and taxation advice. CLEAR ADVICE IN A COMPLEX WORLD A leading provider of financial and tax advice since 1933 More information about our... International Firms United Kingdom Australia International Firms New Zealand British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Singapore Bermuda Guernsey Switzerland Tell me more about your... Services Accountancy Audit & Assurance Charities Corporate Estates Funds Outsourcing Private Client Tax Advice Our Services Tax Compliance Trusts Wealth Reporting

‘Accountancy’ covers a whole suite of services which are provided by the International Firms. At the basic level, all of the offices provide bookkeeping and management accounts services to support clients’ businesses, family trusts and family offices. ACCOUNTANCY ‘Accountancy’ covers a whole suite of services which are provided by the International Firms. At the basic level, all of the offices provide bookkeeping and management accounts services to support clients’ businesses, family trusts and family offices. But beyond this essential service, there is much more that we can do for our clients. For individuals, corporates and trusts, we can offer specialist valuation services. These might be fair valuations of businesses or shares in unlisted companies, or valuations which have to be agreed with the tax authorities on the occurrence of a transaction. Whilst there are several recognised valuation methodologies for businesses in different sectors, the correct approach is likely also to be influenced by the size of the shareholding or business interest and the sector of operation. Valuing a business is not a precise science and it is necessary to consider each situation with an open mind in order to identify the relevant factors. Whatever the reason for the valuation, we recognise that the process can be a sensitive issue. We bring a commercial and cost-effective approach to these assignments, quickly considering our clients’ key issues and the appropriate valuation methodologies to apply in order to arrive at an independent valuation. Where the valuation is driven by tax, we will stand behind our conclusions and negotiate hard with the tax authority in our clients’ interests. Another area which we might get involved in is forensic accounting. The purpose might be to support a client in a tax enquiry, or to support a litigation case (we have acted as appointed experts in relation to matrimonial, tax and trust litigation). Or it might simply be that a client or family office wishes to ensure that proper records are maintained. Whatever the client’s requirement for accountancy services, this is an area of expertise for us and it is likely that the need can be met by all of the Rawlinson & Hunter International Firms. Australia New Zealand Bermuda Singapore British Virgin Islands Switzerland Cayman Islands United Kingdom Guernsey Please contact the relevant office below to find out more about this service in this jurisdiction

Many of our clients have complicated tax-reporting needs. Some of them have significant and diverse investment and business assets, sometimes held through foreign investment structures which are not set up for investor tax reporting. TAX COMPLIANCE It is absolutely essential, now more so than ever, that individuals and companies with complex tax affairs file accurate annual tax returns with their tax authorities. The cost of getting it wrong has never been higher. Many of our clients have complicated tax-reporting needs. Some of them have significant and diverse investment and business assets, sometimes held through foreign investment structures which are not set up for investor tax reporting. Other clients have complex remuneration reporting involving options, vesting share arrangements and restricted stock units where there might be international considerations. Many of our clients are entrepreneurs with businesses which also bring intricate tax filing challenges. Just as tax reporting has become more demanding, there has been a much closer concentration of effort by tax authorities on the tax affairs of wealthy tax payers and their companies. Their investigative capabilities have been greatly enhanced by the volume of information provided to them by both institutions locally and by other countries under automatic exchange of information agreements. At the same time, the tax law has been tightened so that some tax authorities (including the UK) have a greater length of time to investigate foreign aspects of a taxpayer’s affairs and impose significantly greater penalties for reporting failures. Thoroughness and a rigorous approach are therefore paramount in the preparation of our clients’ tax returns. We generally operate a ‘triple-lock’ approach whereby the tax return is prepared by a professionally qualified junior, reviewed carefully by a manager and is then subjected to a final high level review by the Partner. In that way, we seek to reduce the risk of inaccuracies and omissions. Australia United Kingdom Please contact the relevant office below to find out more about this service in this jurisdiction

The Chartered Accountancy firm of Rawlinson & Hunter was established in London in 1933 during The Great Depression by Alfred Rawlinson and Robert Hunter. OUR HISTORY The Chartered Accountancy firm of Rawlinson & Hunter was established in London in 1933 during The Great Depression by Alfred Rawlinson and Robert Hunter. The Firm has flourished by continually updating and refreshing its services to meet the challenges of evolving tax, financial and regulatory laws, by focusing on niche markets, and by putting client service first and foremost in everything it does. After successfully navigating the challenges faced by the UK during the Second World War, including temporarily moving the Firm to rural Oxfordshire to escape The Blitz, Hunter journeyed to the US in 1945, and again in 1946 with Rawlinson, where they visited an old client living in Bermuda. This coincided with the first direct flights between the US and Bermuda and the introduction of a favourable tax system and tourist economy on the island. The visit ultimately led to the establishment of Rawlinson & Hunter’s first overseas office in Bermuda in the early 1960s by future UK senior partner Bob Spooner, as the Firm sought to support its UK clients with extensive tourism and hotel interests there. A chance encounter on an aeroplane between future UK senior partner Peter Hetherington and a Jersey accountant resulted in the foundation of the Firm’s Jersey office in 1972. This was at a time when many individuals were emigrating from the UK to Jersey to escape the all-time high UK income tax rate of 136% in the late 1960s, and 98% in the early 1970s. The Firm’s Jersey practice was established at a time when the island was growing rapidly as an international financial centre. The Jersey office left the network in 2025. The Guernsey office was established in 1980 to meet the needs of specific international clients of the Firm, taking advantage of Guernsey’s similarly thriving financial services industry. More than 40 years on, the Guernsey firm continues to grow. The Cayman Islands office was established in 1973, originally to complement the services offered to clients through the Bermuda office. This British Overseas Territory steadily developed to become a leading international financial centre in the region. Switzerland has always been the leading international financial centre in continental Europe, and during its early years Rawlinson & Hunter had served many Swiss-based corporate clients due to Robert Hunter’s frequent trips to the country. To support its Swiss-based clients, the Firm therefore opened an office in Geneva in 1982, and this was eventually followed by a Zürich office in 2011. The old Geneva office left the grouping in 2019 but the Firm is now once again operating in Geneva, having opened a new office there in 2021. By the 1980s, the British Virgin Islands had also developed into a leading international financial and tourism centre to fund its public services, and this led to Peter Hetherington and future Jersey senior partner, David Goar, establishing the Firm’s office on the islands in 1988 to supports clients engaged in business there. A year earlier, in 1987, the Firm opened a representative office in Sydney, Australia to support clients with business interests Down Under. This was carried out under the umbrella of a respected Australian firm, Boroughs, a similarly private client focused firm of Chartered Accountants established in 1945. A decade and a half later, in 2003, the Firm extended this model by opening a representative office on the other side of the Ditch in Whanganui, New Zealand. By now Singapore had established itself as the leading international financial centre in Asia, and the Firm found itself with increasing numbers of clients with business interests in the country. To support these clients, the Firm opened its first Asian office in Singapore in 2013.

LEGAL Rawlinson & Hunter International is a grouping of independent firms with members throughout the world. It is not a legal entity in its own right and does not offer professional services in its own name. Each independent member of Rawlinson & Hunter International is a separate firm. These firms are not members of one international partnership or group, or otherwise necessarily legal partners or members with each other, nor is any one firm responsible for the services or activities of any other. Firms in certain jurisdictions offer services through a partnership structure or through the medium of limited liability vehicles, or both, depending on the nature of services offered. The partners and directors of each of the firms within the Rawlinson & Hunter grouping pride themselves on the shared ethos and quality of advice given across the Rawlinson & Hunter grouping. As a result, use is made throughout this website of the expressions “our” and “we” in reference to the service provided by each of the Rawlinson & Hunter firms. This should not be construed as Rawlinson & Hunter International existing as a single entity. Although the firms carry the same name, there is no common ownership among the firms of Rawlinson & Hunter International. The London office conducts its business in the UK through Rawlinson & Hunter LLP, a UK limited liability partnership. Rawlinson & Hunter, a UK general partnership with partners who are also the members of Rawlinson & Hunter LLP, holds a minority financial interest in each of the overseas Rawlinson & Hunter firms, except for the Australia and New Zealand firms. This website is designed for the information of readers. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, information contained on the site may not be comprehensive and readers should not act upon it without seeking professional advice. The application and impact of the laws can vary widely from case to case, based upon the specific or unique facts involved. Accordingly, the information in this site is not intended to serve as legal, accounting, financial or tax advice. Users are encouraged to consult with professional advisers at their local Rawlinson & Hunter International office for advice concerning specific matters before making any decision. A list of legal partners and directors of that office can only be obtained from that office and nothing in this website shall imply that any other persons mentioned herein are partners or members of that office.

Estate planning demands a detailed appreciation of the circumstances of each client and the flexibility to respond to their wishes. The close relationship which we build up with our clients means that we can deal effectively with any sensitive family issues that arise. ESTATES Estate planning demands a detailed appreciation of the circumstances of each client and the flexibility to respond to their wishes. The close relationship which we build up with our clients means that we can deal effectively with any sensitive family issues that arise. With our expertise in tax planning, we offer a compelling choice for clients seeking advice on having their wills drafted in a tax efficient manner. Our Partners are also experienced in acting as executors, alone or with family members or lawyers. We have all the necessary experience to deal with the administration of the estate, from the initial application for probate (the UK Firm is authorised by the ICAEW to conduct non-contentious probate work) to the final distribution. Regular reviews of the estate and detailed illustrative calculations of potential liabilities keep our clients aware of opportunities available to them, while our international focus allows us to advise clients with assets in multiple jurisdictions. Frequent discussions with the client and the client’s family ensure that we are aware of their wishes as they develop and can act in their best interests. For UK connected clients, the Inheritance Tax regime provides excellent opportunities to plan estates and protect family wealth through the use of lifetime gifts, trusts, family limited partnerships and careful consideration of wills. For international clients, there are many complex aspects which need consideration, including the scope of forced heirship and succession provisions which some countries adopt. For clients who are UK resident but foreign domiciled, there are opportunities to hold foreign assets through family trusts in a tax-efficient manner which puts them beyond the scope of Inheritance Tax. Our International Firms are experienced both in advising on such issues and administering wealth holding structures which are effective estate planning vehicles. Australia Singapore Bermuda Switzerland British Virgin Islands United Kingdom Guernsey New Zealand Please contact the relevant office below to find out more about this service in this jurisdiction

Many of our clients are engaged in supporting charitable causes both in the UK and overseas. This activity nearly always involves generous financial support, where guidance on tax-effective giving is required. CHARITIES Many of our clients are engaged in supporting charitable causes both in the UK and overseas. This activity nearly always involves generous financial support, where guidance on tax-effective giving is required. Some clients seek greater involvement, establishing their own charity or donor-advised fund and playing an active role in determining the causes and charities which derive benefit from the fund. Charitable giving always requires careful planning, wherever the donor lives. Many jurisdictions offer tax reliefs for donations to charities, and it is important that the reliefs available are utilised. Giving money to charity can be a complicated and expensive process requiring great care as to timing, amount and method of donation. For those wishing to establish their own charity, we have teams experienced in providing accounting and reporting services which are used to liaising with the charity regulatory authorities in their jurisdiction. On the practical front, the teams get involved in all aspects of administration of a charity. For instance, in addition to getting involved in budget and cash flow forecasting and ongoing monitoring of cash positions, we often operate bank accounts, raise cheques, deal with payment requests and provide a correspondence address so that we can deal with unsolicited applications for funding. We maintain accounting records, produce management accounts and undertake performance reviews. We also diarise and coordinate grant commitments, ensuring that they are approved and paid on a timely basis. We get involved with trustee meetings, preparing agendas, putting together meeting packs, attending meetings and preparing minutes. In the UK, we also have extensive experience in advising on all aspects of regulatory audit and independent examination requirements of charities and can deliver a wide range of related services to those involved in charitable giving both in the UK and around the world. Our expertise derived from servicing this wide range of clients has enabled us to build multi-skilled teams, the members of which understand the issues that matter to you. Australia Cayman Islands Guernsey New Zealand United Kingdom Please contact the relevant office below to find out more about this service in this jurisdiction

Trusts frequently feature as an important part of a family’s inter-generational wealth and succession planning, for many diverse reasons. Fundamentally, they can be used to preserve capital and provide an income stream for current and future generations of a family. TRUSTS Trusts frequently feature as an important part of a family’s inter-generational wealth and succession planning, for many diverse reasons. Fundamentally, they can be used to preserve capital and provide an income stream for current and future generations of a family. Administering a trust has considerable responsibilities associated with it. Some of these are compliance and reporting responsibilities such as the bookkeeping of transactions, the preparation of accounts for the trust, the preparation of trust tax returns, ensuring that entries on the trust register are properly updated and that any regulatory disclosures are made accurately and on a timely basis. Other requirements are less routine. Trustees need careful guidance in making decisions about trust assets and the trust fund itself, especially where they are required to exercise their discretion in making distributions of income and capital to beneficiaries, making loans etc. A professional understanding of trust law and trustee responsibilities is crucial. This is why we often act as trustee, either alone or alongside our clients, where trusts form part of their family succession planning. We prefer to do this through our trust corporations operated by our International Firms, since this offers flexibility and continuity (the problems and costs encountered when replacing or appointing a trustee on the retirement or death of an individual are avoided). Our Partners are experienced in dealing sensitively with the demands of a trustee’s role. They are used to dealing with the demands of multiple jurisdictions and the complex regulatory, tax and reporting requirements involved. They actively seek solutions tailored to ensure that, while the trust assets are preserved and can grow, the beneficiaries’ interests are maintained. They understand that full accountability and efficient administration are essential, coupled with an ability to deal sensitively with beneficiaries at every stage in life. Through collaboration between the London and overseas offices, we provide a joined up suite of services in relation to international trusts and companies where the client has a UK connection. This includes advising on the potential benefits of trust arrangements in the client’s specific circumstances, calculating and monitoring trust tax pools in order to ascertain the tax treatment of benefits received by beneficiaries, constructing investment guidelines and account structures for tax efficiency, liaising with tax professionals in other countries and advising on all UK tax reporting for the trustees, the settlor and the beneficiaries. Trusts are not appropriate for all international clients and we would only recommend them where they offer a solution. All trusts are different and great care is required to ensure that their terms meet the requirements of the clients and their families, and that the tax and succession consequences are fully considered. Australia New Zealand Bermuda Singapore British Virgin Islands Switzerland Cayman Islands United Kingdom Guernsey Please contact the relevant office below to find out more about this service in this jurisdiction

We work with corporate and entrepreneurial clients of all sizes and complexity. We consider that our approach is different in starting from the premise that our advice needs to address stakeholder concerns which are much wider than those which are obvious from the confinements of the corporate box. CORPORATE Although Rawlinson & Hunter is probably best known in the profession for its award-winning services to private clients, it provides a complete range of accountancy, administration and advisory services to companies and businesses in all stages of development, from the smaller entrepreneurial business to asset holding companies to the large international corporation. As with all our services, the Partners lead the work supported by our highly qualified staff. We work with corporate and entrepreneurial clients of all sizes and complexity. We consider that our approach is different in starting from the premise that our advice needs to address stakeholder concerns which are much wider than those which are obvious from the confinements of the corporate box. This holistic thinking along with the expertise and experience which we have to offer is what we believe our clients value. The range of corporate services which we offer is broad. In addition to the standard services such as audit and assurance, company secretarial support, management accounting, tax and payroll, we also provide a suite of advisory services. Our corporate Partners have wide experience of operating in other environments, whether in Big 4 Firms or in industry, and bring a wealth of expertise to the table. We often advise on corporate finance and other corporate transactions such as sales and acquisitions, and can advise comprehensively on the tax issues affecting entrepreneurial clients and their businesses. We can provide outsourced financial support and, where the project requires it, litigation support and forensic accounting services. Our range of services to entrepreneurial clients is very wide and our role in each case is driven by our clients’ needs. Our International Firms are highly experienced in the formation and administration of offshore corporate structures, ranging from sophisticated captive insurance and fund management companies to simple asset-owning vehicles. Full administration services are provided in the offshore centres by our Partners and staff. Australia New Zealand Bermuda Singapore British Virgin Islands Switzerland Cayman Islands United Kingdom Guernsey Please contact the relevant office below to find out more about this service in this jurisdiction

Our Member Firms’ offices are located in London, Australia (Sydney), Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Guernsey, Jersey, New Zealand, Singapore and Switzerland (both Geneva and Zurich). OUR INTERNATIONAL FIRMS Our Member Firms’ offices are located in London, Australia (Sydney), Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Guernsey, New Zealand, Singapore and Switzerland (both Geneva and Zurich). Each of our offices has a dedicated website. Please use the links below to visit them. TAX Australia New Zealand Bermuda Singapore British Virgin Islands Switzerland Cayman Islands United Kingdom Guernsey Please contact the relevant office below to find out more about their services

Rawlinson & Hunter is an international grouping of professional firms and a leading provider of financial and taxation advice. ABOUT US Rawlinson & Hunter is an international grouping of professional firms and a leading provider of financial and taxation advice. The firm has undergone regular expansion since its formation in London in 1933. In meeting the international requirements of our clients, we now operate 11 offices worldwide in 9 locations and employ over 450 people. We pride ourselves on the commitment which we make to delivering a personalised service to all of our clients, whether as accountants, advisers, executors, trustees or directors. We believe that the international structure of Rawlinson & Hunter is unique, not just in the way that it operates but also in the extensive scope of the financial services which it provides. Our clients benefit from an organisation which encourages a close working relationship between client and partner and also one that gives immediate international access to trusted advisers of a consistently high quality across the grouping. Since its foundation in the UK, Rawlinson & Hunter has not only expanded its international presence but also the range of services which we provide to our clients, delivered with a depth of knowledge and experience of our clients’ circumstances which has sometimes developed over several generations. The United Kingdom, Australia, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Guernsey, New Zealand, Singapore and Switzerland are geographically diverse financial centres where Rawlinson & Hunter has established experienced teams providing a high level client service over a broad range of service lines. Each location has been selected for the specific financial benefits which it can provide – these are described in more detail in the individual office fact sheets contained in this publication. We also have excellent relationships with leading lawyers, bankers and investment managers, both locally and in the world’s major financial centres, and we are able to work alongside them as a team when the client’s interests require it. Except for the office in Australia (where the concept doesn’t apply), each office has an established licensed trust company with officers who have many years of experience. This gives clients who choose to structure their financial affairs in this way peace of mind that their wealth is in safe hands for generations to come. Other international services, derived from the firm’s private client heritage, include fund administration, tax advice and compliance, accounting and corporate services together with other bespoke services, all supported, crucially, by a detailed knowledge of the local law and how it interacts with other jurisdictions. The international partners have worked closely together over a considerable number of years and share the common view that their clients must be given the best possible service. These shared values enable the offices to collaborate swiftly, efficiently and professionally, enabling, for example, three offices to work together to facilitate a UK client establishing a Singapore resident trust, governed by Guernsey Law. Our objective is to provide a service that is consistently above and beyond normal professional standards. To our knowledge, no other grouping of our size combines such a wide-ranging and international resource with a genuinely personal level of service. Whether you come to Rawlinson & Hunter as an individual, a trustee or an international corporation, you will benefit from the same high standards and commitment provided by all of Rawlinson & Hunter’s partners and staff, wherever the office.

See a list of contact details for all our overseas offices CONTACT US Australia Rawlinson & Hunter Level 6 77 Castlereagh Street Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia +61 (0)2 9930 7700 webenquiry.australia@rawlinson-hunter.com British Virgin Islands Rawlinson & Hunter and Rawlinson & Hunter Limited and R&H Trust Co. (BVI) Ltd and R&H Restructuring (BVI) Ltd Woodbourne Hall James Frett Building PO Box 3162 Road Town Tortola VG1110 British Virgin Islands +1 (284) 393 5400 webenquiry.bvi@rawlinson-hunter.com Guernsey Rawlinson & Hunter Limited and R&H Trust Co. (Guernsey) Limited Trafalgar Court 3rd Floor, West Wing St Peter Port Guernsey GY1 2JA Channel Islands +44 (0)1481 711166 mail@rawlinson-hunter.gg Singapore Rawlinson & Hunter (Singapore) Pte Ltd and R&H Trust Co. (Singapore) Pte Ltd 30 Cecil Street #18-02 & 03 Prudential Tower Singapore 049712 +65 6908 8870 webenquiry.singapore@rawlinson-hunter.com United Kingdom Rawlinson & Hunter LLP Eighth Floor 6 New Street Square New Fetter Lane London EC4A 3AQ United Kingdom Q3, The Square Randalls Way Leatherhead Surrey KT22 7TW United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7842 2000 webenquiry.uk@rawlinson-hunter.com Bermuda Rawlinson & Hunter, R&H Trust Co. (Bermuda) Limited and R&H Services Limited 3rd Floor 5 Reid Street Hamilton HM 11 Bermuda +1 (441) 242 3100 webenquiry.bermuda@rawlinson-hunter.com Cayman Islands Rawlinson & Hunter, The R&H Trust Co. Ltd, The Harbour Trust Co. Ltd, R&H Restructuring (Cayman) Ltd. and R&H Private Fund Services (Cayman) Ltd 2nd Floor, Windward 1 Regatta Office Park PO Box 897 Grand Cayman KY1-1103 Cayman Islands +1 (345) 949 7576 webenquiry.cayman@rawlinson-hunter.com New Zealand R&H Trust Co. (NZ) Limited 166 Wicksteed Street PO Box 4386 Whanganui 4541 New Zealand +64 (0)6 345 1166 webenquiry.newzealand@rawlinson-hunter.com Switzerland Rawlinson & Hunter (Switzerland) AG R&H Trust Co. (Switzerland) AG Bellevueplatz 5 8001 Zurich Switzerland Rue du Mont-Blanc 4 1201 Geneva Switzerland +41 (0)44 227 6700 / +44 (0)20 7842 2000 webenquiry.switzerland@rawlinson-hunter.com Tax